7/26/2023 0 Comments Gravit designer edit pathSimilarly, lines narrower than Stephenson's choice were often built in sparsely-populated mountainous areas or where passenger and freight revenue was not expected to be sufficient to cover the cost of a mainline railway built to more expensive standards. While the attempts with Brunel gauge, a significantly broader gauge failed, the widespread use of Iberian gauge, Russian gauge and Indian gauge, all of which are broader than Stephenson's choice, show that there is nothing inherent to the 1435 mm gauge that led to its global success. There are tradeoffs involved in the choice of rail gauge between the cost of constructing a line (which rises with wider gauges) and various performance metrics, including maximum speed, low center of gravity (desirable, especially in double-stack rail transport). His experience with primitive coal tramways resulted in this gauge width being copied by the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, then the rest of Great Britain, and finally by railroads in Europe and North America. The path to the adoption of the standard gauge began in the late 1820s when George Stephenson, a British engineer, began work on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. More than half the world's railway gauges are 4 feet 8 + 1⁄ 2 inches (143.5 cm), known as standard gauge, despite the consensus among engineers being that wider gauges have increased performance and speed. The standard gauge of railway tracks is another example of path dependence which explains how a seemingly insignificant event or circumstance can change the choice of technology over the long run despite contemporary knowhow showing such a choice to be inefficient. However, there is still debate about the validity of this being a true example of path dependence. QWERTY has persisted over time despite more efficient keyboard arrangements being developed – QWERTY vs. The QWERTY keyboard is a prominent example of path dependence due to the widespread emergence and persistence of the QWERTY keyboard. In this interpretation, path dependence had little to do with VHS's success, which would have occurred even if Betamax had established an early lead. Īn alternative analysis is that VHS was better-adapted to market demands (e.g. Sony, the original developer of Betamax, did not let pornography companies license their technology for mass production, which meant that nearly all pornographic motion pictures released on video used VHS format.A VCR manufacturer bandwagon effect of switching to VHS-production because they expected it to win the standards battle.A network effect: videocassette rental stores observed more VHS rentals and stocked up on VHS tapes, leading renters to buy VHS players and rent more VHS tapes, until there was complete vendor lock-in.Three mechanisms independent of product quality could explain how VHS achieved dominance over Betamax from a negligible early adoption lead: The videotape format war is a key example of path dependence. Commercial examples Videocassette recording systems This claim can be formulated simply as "the future development of an economic system is affected by the path it has traced out in the past" or "particular events in the past can have crucial effects in the future." The second is a more specific claim about how past events or decisions affect future events or decisions in significant or disproportionate ways, through mechanisms such as increasing returns, positive feedback effects, or other mechanisms. The first is the broad concept that "history matters", often articulated to challenge explanations that pay insufficient attention to historical factors. In common usage, the phrase can imply two types of claims. Path dependence has been used to describe institutions, technical standards, patterns of economic or social development, organizational behavior, and more. It can be used to refer to outcomes at a single point in time or to long-run equilibria of a process. Path dependence is a concept in economics and the social sciences, referring to processes where past events or decisions constrain later events or decisions.
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